LNG buyers call for more flexible supply to adapt to variable power demand
- Buyers seek shorter-term contracts with resell flexibility
- Japan's LNG demand falls due to nuclear restarts, renewables
- Intermediaries needed to bridge gap between buyers and sellers
Japan and other top liquefied natural gas (LNG) buyers are calling for more supply flexibility to adapt to variable power demand, industry executives said on Tuesday.
LNG suppliers such as Qatar prefer long-term contracts with buyers that can last decades to secure financing for what can be multi-billion dollar projects.
However, in recent years with more producers entering the global market, buyers are seeking shorter-term contracts with flexibility to resell cargoes when their demand is low.
"What we are looking for is flexibility in both our long- and short-term contracts in order to manage the uncertainties we face," Jonathan Westby, senior vice president of LNG at Japan's JERA Global Markets, which handles 40 MMtpy of LNG, told an industry conference.
He said the company faces an increasingly variable and less predictable customer load, and buys and sells LNG depending on the weather and nuclear power availability.
The outlook for Japan's LNG demand is falling due to nuclear reactor restarts and more renewable energy, but the pace of decline is uncertain.
Nuclear power accounted for 9% of Japan's power generation mix last year.
Japan shut all 54 of its reactors after a powerful 2011 earthquake and tsunami triggered a meltdown at the Fukushima nuclear plant. Japan now runs 11 nuclear reactors, with restarts contributing to an 8% fall in LNG imports last year to the lowest in 14 years.
In top LNG importer China, power demand fluctuates between summer and winter and by region, said Zhang Yaoyu, global head of LNG and new energies at state-run PetroChina International.
"Unfortunately in China, we live in an environment where there are huge supply and demand imbalances," he said.
Both companies, along with other buyers at the Asia Gas Markets Conference, said supply diversification is key to managing fluctuating demand.
LNG supplier Mexico Pacific's chief marketing officer Sungbok Park said that while long-term deals are still preferred, it is seeing contract terms evolve on the buyer's and seller's side to enable more flexibility in managing volumes.
"This flexibility is becoming even more important as market conditions continue to shift, so existing producers and portfolio suppliers are warming up to flexible contract structures," he said. "However, for new projects, we still need 15-20 year commitments to meet project financing requirements."
Intermediaries can step in to bridge the gap between buyers and sellers, said Steve Hill, executive vice president at trading house Mercuria.
"What producers and buyers want are diverging over time. Producers are typically looking for 20-year contracts with buyers, to enable the financing to develop projects ... while buyers tend to have more uncertainty to manage," he said. "So the world has more of a need for intermediaries to manage the risk between what producers want and what buyers want."
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