Whitepapers

Unlike pure refrigerants, condensation of mixed refrigerants against an ambient heat sink presents unique challenges. This whitepaper explores the care that must be taken in the condensing heat exchanger design and liquefaction process selection to ensure that both liquid and vapor phases remain in equilibrium as the mixed refrigerant condenses.

Flow efficiency coatings are used exactly as they are named - to improve the flow against the natural textures on steel surfaces. This article provides insight on the impact, value and chemistry of flow efficiency coatings. It also offers how this coating reduces both operations expenses and up-front capital costs.

LNG plants require cryogenic heat exchangers to liquefy natural gas with the two most common being coil wound heat exchangers (CWHE) and brazed aluminum heat exchangers (BAHX). This paper outlines the features of both types of heat exchangers and explains why CWHEs are the best choice for producing large quantities of LNG.

With the availability of enhanced dual-layer coating systems that improve upon tried-and-true Abrasion-Resistant Overcoat (ARO) technology, pipeline owners and operators have a new viable option to protect their critical assets. These novel dual-layer systems feature enhanced moisture, gouge and impact resistance, while simultaneously having higher dielectric strength.

New natural gas liquefaction projects require efficient, low CAPEX nitrogen removal options. Several practical options are described in this paper and each equipment arrangement offers unique benefits. It is critical to understand the benefits of these arrangements in order to develop a robust and reliable project selection.

This paper discusses several methods to reduce and capture CO2 emissions associated with LNG liquefaction. For both existing plants and new facilities, 97+% CO2 capture is possible by integrating pre-combustion capture with the liquefaction unit while recovering CO2 from the liquefaction acid gas removal unit.

This paper shows that gas expansion cycles such as the AP-C1™ process can provide significant power savings when operating at ambient temperatures well below the design point. Additionally, the process is flexible and operationally simple. These features make it particularly attractive for arctic applications.

Facing market volatility and pressure to reduce emissions, the oil and gas pipeline industry requires high financing levels to fund its capital projects and operations. The industry must also compete with other economic sectors for scarce investor resources. To better navigate these growing challenges, pipeline companies must embrace innovation and digitalization. Download our executive brief to learn how integrating your physical and digital pipeline assets improves business decision-making and operational efficiency.